SpringBoot进阶教程(八十二)Spring Security图形验证码
在之前的博文《SpringBoot进阶教程(八十)Spring Security》中,已经介绍了在Spring Security中如何基于formLogin认证、基于HttpBasic认证和自定义用户名和密码。这篇文章,我们将介绍自定义登录界面的登录验证方式。在上一篇博文《SpringBoot进阶教程(八十一)Spring Security自定义认证》中,已经介绍了如何实现Spring Security自定义认证。
v生成图形验证码
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.social</groupId> <artifactId>spring-social-config</artifactId> <version>1.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
/** * @Author chen bo * @Date 2023/12 * @Des */ @Data public class ImageCode { /** * image图片 */ private BufferedImage image; /** * 验证码 */ private String code; /** * 过期时间 */ private LocalDateTime expireTime; public ImageCode(BufferedImage image, String code, int expireIn) { this.image = image; this.code = code; this.expireTime = LocalDateTime.now().plusSeconds(expireIn); } /** * 判断验证码是否已过期 * @return */ public boolean isExpire() { return LocalDateTime.now().isAfter(expireTime); } }
编写接口,返回图形验证码:
/** * @Author chen bo * @Date 2023/12 * @Des */ @RestController public class ImageController { public final static String SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE = "SESSION_VERIFICATION_CODE"; private SessionStrategy sessionStrategy = new HttpSessionSessionStrategy(); @GetMapping("/code/image") public void createCode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { ImageCode imageCode = createImageCode(); sessionStrategy.setAttribute(new ServletWebRequest(request), SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE, imageCode); ImageIO.write(imageCode.getImage(), "jpeg", response.getOutputStream()); } private ImageCode createImageCode() { // 验证码图片宽度 int width = 100; // 验证码图片长度 int height = 36; // 验证码位数 int length = 4; // 验证码有效时间 60s int expireIn = 60; BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics graphics = image.getGraphics(); Random random = new Random(); graphics.setColor(getRandColor(200, 500)); graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); graphics.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ITALIC, 20)); graphics.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200)); for (int i = 0; i < 155; i++) { int x = random.nextInt(width); int y = random.nextInt(height); int xl = random.nextInt(12); int yl = random.nextInt(12); graphics.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl); } StringBuilder sRand = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { String rand = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10)); sRand.append(rand); graphics.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110))); graphics.drawString(rand, 13 * i + 6, 16); } graphics.dispose(); return new ImageCode(image, sRand.toString(), expireIn); } private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) { Random random = new Random(); if (fc > 255) fc = 255; if (bc > 255) bc = 255; int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc); int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc); int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc); return new Color(r, g, b); } }
org.springframework.social.connect.web.HttpSessionSessionStrategy对象封装了一些处理Session的方法,包含了setAttribute、getAttribute和removeAttribute方法,具体可以查看该类的源码。使用sessionStrategy将生成的验证码对象存储到Session中,并通过IO流将生成的图片输出到登录页面上。
v改造登录页面
在上一篇博文《SpringBoot进阶教程(八十一)Spring Security自定义认证》中的"重写form登录页",已经创建了login.html,在login.html中添加如下代码:
<span style="display: inline"> <input type="text" name="请输入验证码" placeholder="验证码" required="required"/> <img src="/code/image"/> </span>
img标签的src属性对应ImageController的createImageCode方法。
v认证流程添加验证码效验
在校验验证码的过程中,可能会抛出各种验证码类型的异常,比如“验证码错误”、“验证码已过期”等,所以我们定义一个验证码类型的异常类:
/** * @Author chen bo * @Date 2023/12 * @Des */ public class ValidateCodeException extends AuthenticationException { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1715361291615299823L; public ValidateCodeException(String explanation) { super(explanation); } }
注意:这里继承的是AuthenticationException而不是Exception。
Spring Security实际上是由许多过滤器组成的过滤器链,处理用户登录逻辑的过滤器为UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,而验证码校验过程应该是在这个过滤器之前的,即只有验证码校验通过后才去校验用户名和密码。由于Spring Security并没有直接提供验证码校验相关的过滤器接口,所以我们需要自己定义一个验证码校验的过滤器ValidateCodeFilter:
/** * @Author chen bo * @Date 2023/12 * @Des */ @Component public class ValidateCodeFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { @Autowired private MyAuthenticationFailureHandler myAuthenticationFailureHandler; private SessionStrategy sessionStrategy = new HttpSessionSessionStrategy(); @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException { if ("/login".equalsIgnoreCase(httpServletRequest.getRequestURI()) && "post".equalsIgnoreCase(httpServletRequest.getMethod())) { try { validateCode(new ServletWebRequest(httpServletRequest)); } catch (ValidateCodeException e) { myAuthenticationFailureHandler.onAuthenticationFailure(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse, e); return; } } filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse); } private void validateCode(ServletWebRequest servletWebRequest) throws ServletRequestBindingException, ValidateCodeException { ImageCode codeInSession = (ImageCode) sessionStrategy.getAttribute(servletWebRequest, ImageController.SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE); String codeInRequest = ServletRequestUtils.getStringParameter(servletWebRequest.getRequest(), "imageCode"); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(codeInRequest)) { throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不能为空!"); } if (codeInSession == null) { throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不存在!"); } if (codeInSession.isExpire()) { sessionStrategy.removeAttribute(servletWebRequest, ImageController.SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE); throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码已过期!"); } if (!codeInRequest.equalsIgnoreCase(codeInSession.getCode())) { throw new ValidateCodeException("验证码不正确!"); } sessionStrategy.removeAttribute(servletWebRequest, ImageController.SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE); } }
ValidateCodeFilter继承了org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter,该过滤器只会执行一次。ValidateCodeFilter继承了org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter
,该过滤器只会执行一次。
在doFilterInternal
方法中我们判断了请求URL是否为/login
,该路径对应登录form表单的action路径,请求的方法是否为POST,是的话进行验证码校验逻辑,否则直接执行filterChain.doFilter
让代码往下走。当在验证码校验的过程中捕获到异常时,调用Spring Security的校验失败处理器AuthenticationFailureHandler进行处理。
我们分别从Session中获取了ImageCode对象和请求参数imageCode(对应登录页面的验证码input框name属性),然后进行了各种判断并抛出相应的异常。当验证码过期或者验证码校验通过时,我们便可以删除Session中的ImageCode属性了。
v更新配置类
验证码校验过滤器定义好了,怎么才能将其添加到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter前面呢?很简单,只需要在BrowserSecurityConfig的configure方法中添加些许配置即可,顺便配置验证码请求不配拦截: "/code/image"。
/** * @Author chen bo * @Date 2023/12 * @Des */ @Configuration public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.addFilterBefore(new ValidateCodeFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class) //添加验证码效验过滤器 .formLogin() // 表单登录 .loginPage("/login.html") // 登录跳转url // .loginPage("/authentication/require") .loginProcessingUrl("/login") // 处理表单登录url // .successHandler(authenticationSuccessHandler) .failureHandler(new MyAuthenticationFailureHandler()) .and() .authorizeRequests() // 授权配置 .antMatchers("/login.html", "/css/**", "/authentication/require", "/code/image").permitAll() // 无需认证 .anyRequest() // 所有请求 .authenticated() // 都需要认证 .and().csrf().disable(); } @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } }
上面代码中,我们注入了ValidateCodeFilter,然后通过addFilterBefore方法将ValidateCodeFilter验证码校验过滤器添加到了UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter前面。
v运行效果图
其他参考/学习资料:
- https://www.cnblogs.com/kikochz/p/12895842.html
- https://www.cnblogs.com/fanqisoft/p/10630556.html
- https://www.jianshu.com/p/5a83e364869c
v源码地址
https://github.com/toutouge/javademosecond/tree/master/security-demo
作 者:请叫我头头哥
出 处:http://www.cnblogs.com/toutou/
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