Python教程：类的派生
一、派生
派生：子类中新定义的属性的这个过程叫做派生，并且需要记住子类在使用派生的属性时始终以自己的为准
1 派生方法一(类调用)
指名道姓访问某一个类的函数：该方式与继承无关
class OldboyPeople:
"""由于学生和老师都是人，因此人都有姓名、年龄、性别"""
school = 'oldboy'
def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.gender = gender
class OldboyStudent(OldboyPeople):
"""由于学生类没有独自的__init__()方法，因此不需要声明继承父类的__init__()方法，会自动继承"""
def choose_course(self):
print('%s is choosing course' % self.name)
class OldboyTeacher(OldboyPeople):
"""由于老师类有独自的__init__()方法，因此需要声明继承父类的__init__()"""
def __init__(self, name, age, gender, level):
OldboyPeople.__init__(self, name, age, gender)
self.level = level # 派生
def score(self, stu_obj, num):
print('%s is scoring' % self.name)
stu_obj.score = num
stu1 = OldboyStudent('tank', 18, 'male')
tea1 = OldboyTeacher('nick', 18, 'male', 10)
print(stu1.__dict__)
{'name': 'tank', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male'}
print(tea1.__dict__)
{'name': 'nick', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male', 'level': 10}
2 派生方法二(super)
- 严格以来继承属性查找关系
- super()会得到一个特殊的对象，该对象就是专门用来访问父类中的属性的（按照继承的关系）
- super().
__init__(不用为self传值) - super的完整用法是super(自己的类名,self),在python2中需要写完整，而python3中可以简写为super()
class OldboyPeople:
school = 'oldboy'
def __init__(self, name, age, sex):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.sex = sex
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class OldboyStudent(OldboyPeople):
def __init__(self, name, age, sex, stu_id):
# OldboyPeople.__init__(self,name,age,sex)
# super(OldboyStudent, self).__init__(name, age, sex)
super().__init__(name, age, sex)
self.stu_id = stu_id
def choose_course(self):
print('%s is choosing course' % self.name)
stu1 = OldboyStudent('tank', 19, 'male', 1)
print(stu1.__dict__)
{'name': 'tank', 'age': 19, 'sex': 'male', 'stu_id': 1}