驱动开发:内核LoadLibrary实现DLL注入

远程线程注入是最常用的一种注入技术,在应用层注入是通过CreateRemoteThread这个函数实现的,该函数通过创建线程并调用 LoadLibrary 动态载入指定的DLL来实现注入,而在内核层同样存在一个类似的内核函数RtlCreateUserThread,但需要注意的是此函数未被公开,RtlCreateUserThread其实是对NtCreateThreadEx的包装,但最终会调用ZwCreateThread来实现注入,RtlCreateUserThreadCreateRemoteThread的底层实现。

基于LoadLibrary实现的注入原理可以具体分为如下几步;

  • 1.调用AllocMemory,在对端应用层开辟空间,函数封装来源于《内核远程堆分配与销毁》章节;
  • 2.调用MDLWriteMemory,将DLL路径字符串写出到对端内存,函数封装来源于《内核MDL读写进程内存》章节;
  • 3.调用GetUserModuleAddress,获取到kernel32.dll模块基址,函数封装来源于《内核远程线程实现DLL注入》章节;
  • 4.调用GetModuleExportAddress,获取到LoadLibraryW函数的内存地址,函数封装来源于《内核远程线程实现DLL注入》章节;
  • 5.最后调用本章封装函数MyCreateRemoteThread,将应用层DLL动态转载到进程内,实现DLL注入;

总结起来就是首先在目标进程申请一块空间,空间里面写入要注入的DLL的路径字符串或者是一段ShellCode,找到该内存中LoadLibrary的基址并传入到RtlCreateUserThread中,此时进程自动加载我们指定路径下的DLL文件。

注入依赖于RtlCreateUserThread这个未到处内核函数,该内核函数中最需要关心的参数是ProcessHandle用于接收进程句柄,StartAddress接收一个函数地址,StartParameter用于对函数传递参数,具体的函数原型如下所示;

typedef DWORD(WINAPI* pRtlCreateUserThread)(
    IN HANDLE                    ProcessHandle,          // 进程句柄
    IN PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR      SecurityDescriptor,
    IN BOOL                      CreateSuspended,
    IN ULONG                     StackZeroBits,
    IN OUT PULONG                StackReserved,
    IN OUT PULONG                StackCommit,
    IN LPVOID                    StartAddress,          // 执行函数地址 LoadLibraryW
    IN LPVOID                    StartParameter,        // 参数传递
    OUT HANDLE                   ThreadHandle,          // 线程句柄
    OUT LPVOID                   ClientID
    );

由于我们加载DLL使用的是LoadLibraryW函数,此函数在运行时只需要一个参数,我们可以将DLL的路径传递进去,并调用LoadLibraryW以此来将特定模块拉起,该函数的定义规范如下所示;

HMODULE LoadLibraryW(
  [in] LPCWSTR lpLibFileName
);

根据上一篇文章中针对注入头文件lyshark.h的封装,本章将继续使用这个头文件中的函数,首先我们实现这样一个功能,将一段准备好的UCHAR字符串动态的写出到应用层进程内存,并以宽字节模式写出在对端内存中,这段代码可以写为如下样子;

// 署名权
// right to sign one's name on a piece of work
// PowerBy: LyShark
// Email: me@lyshark.com

#include "lyshark.h"

// 驱动卸载例程
VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT driver)
{
	DbgPrint("Uninstall Driver \n");
}

// 驱动入口地址
NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{
	DbgPrint("Hello LyShark \n");

	DWORD process_id = 7112;
	DWORD create_size = 1024;
	DWORD64 ref_address = 0;

	// 分配内存堆 《内核远程堆分配与销毁》 核心代码
	NTSTATUS Status = AllocMemory(process_id, create_size, &ref_address);

	DbgPrint("对端进程: %d \n", process_id);
	DbgPrint("分配长度: %d \n", create_size);
	DbgPrint("[*] 分配内核堆基址: %p \n", ref_address);

	UCHAR DllPath[256] = "C:\\hook.dll";
	UCHAR Item[256] = { 0 };

	// 将字节转为双字
	for (int x = 0, y = 0; x < strlen(DllPath) * 2; x += 2, y++)
	{
		Item[x] = DllPath[y];
	}

	// 写出内存 《内核MDL读写进程内存》 核心代码
	ReadMemoryStruct ptr;

	ptr.pid = process_id;
	ptr.address = ref_address;
	ptr.size = strlen(DllPath) * 2;

	// 需要写入的数据
	ptr.data = ExAllocatePool(PagedPool, ptr.size);

	// 循环设置
	for (int i = 0; i < ptr.size; i++)
	{
		ptr.data[i] = Item[i];
	}

	// 写内存
	MDLWriteMemory(&ptr);

	Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver;
	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

运行如上方所示的代码,将会在目标进程7112中开辟一段内存空间,并写出C:\hook.dll字符串,运行效果图如下所示;

此处你可以通过x64dbg附加到应用层进程内,并观察内存0000000002200000会看到如下字符串已被写出,双字类型则是每一个字符空一格,效果图如下所示;

继续实现所需要的子功能,实现动态获取Kernel32.dll模块里面LiadLibraryW这个导出函数的内存地址,这段代码相信你可以很容易的写出来,根据上节课的知识点我们可以二次封装一个GetProcessAddress来实现对特定模块基址的获取功能,如下是完整代码案例;

// 署名权
// right to sign one's name on a piece of work
// PowerBy: LyShark
// Email: me@lyshark.com

#include "lyshark.h"

// 实现取模块基址
PVOID GetProcessAddress(HANDLE ProcessID, PWCHAR DllName, PCCHAR FunctionName)
{
	PEPROCESS EProcess = NULL;
	NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
	KAPC_STATE ApcState;
	PVOID RefAddress = 0;

	// 根据PID得到进程EProcess结构
	Status = PsLookupProcessByProcessId(ProcessID, &EProcess);
	if (Status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
	{
		return Status;
	}

	// 判断目标进程是32位还是64位
	BOOLEAN IsWow64 = (PsGetProcessWow64Process(EProcess) != NULL) ? TRUE : FALSE;

	// 验证地址是否可读
	if (!MmIsAddressValid(EProcess))
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	// 将当前线程连接到目标进程的地址空间(附加进程)
	KeStackAttachProcess((PRKPROCESS)EProcess, &ApcState);

	__try
	{
		UNICODE_STRING DllUnicodeString = { 0 };
		PVOID BaseAddress = NULL;

		// 得到进程内模块基地址
		RtlInitUnicodeString(&DllUnicodeString, DllName);

		BaseAddress = GetUserModuleAddress(EProcess, &DllUnicodeString, IsWow64);

		if (!BaseAddress)
		{
			return NULL;
		}

		DbgPrint("[*] 模块基址: %p \n", BaseAddress);

		// 得到该函数地址
		RefAddress = GetModuleExportAddress(BaseAddress, FunctionName, EProcess);
		DbgPrint("[*] 函数地址: %p \n", RefAddress);
	}
	__except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	// 取消附加
	KeUnstackDetachProcess(&ApcState);
	return RefAddress;
}

VOID Unload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj)
{
	DbgPrint("[-] 驱动卸载 \n");
}

NTSTATUS DriverEntry(PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject, PUNICODE_STRING RegPath)
{
	DbgPrint("Hello LyShark.com \n");

	// 取模块基址
	PVOID pLoadLibraryW = GetProcessAddress(5200, L"kernel32.dll", "LoadLibraryW");

	DbgPrint("[*] 所在内存地址 = %p \n", pLoadLibraryW);

	DriverObject->DriverUnload = Unload;
	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

编译并运行如上驱动代码,将自动获取PID=5200进程中Kernel32.dll模块内的LoadLibraryW的内存地址,输出效果图如下所示;

实现注入的最后一步就是调用自定义函数MyCreateRemoteThread该函数实现原理是调用RtlCreateUserThread开线程执行,这段代码的最终实现如下所示;

// 署名权
// right to sign one's name on a piece of work
// PowerBy: LyShark
// Email: me@lyshark.com

#include "lyshark.h"

// 定义函数指针
typedef PVOID(NTAPI* PfnRtlCreateUserThread)
(
	IN HANDLE ProcessHandle,
	IN PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR SecurityDescriptor,
	IN BOOLEAN CreateSuspended,
	IN ULONG StackZeroBits,
	IN OUT size_t StackReserved,
	IN OUT size_t StackCommit,
	IN PVOID StartAddress,
	IN PVOID StartParameter,
	OUT PHANDLE ThreadHandle,
	OUT PCLIENT_ID ClientID
);

// 实现取模块基址
PVOID GetProcessAddress(HANDLE ProcessID, PWCHAR DllName, PCCHAR FunctionName)
{
	PEPROCESS EProcess = NULL;
	NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
	KAPC_STATE ApcState;
	PVOID RefAddress = 0;

	// 根据PID得到进程EProcess结构
	Status = PsLookupProcessByProcessId(ProcessID, &EProcess);
	if (Status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
	{
		return Status;
	}

	// 判断目标进程是32位还是64位
	BOOLEAN IsWow64 = (PsGetProcessWow64Process(EProcess) != NULL) ? TRUE : FALSE;

	// 验证地址是否可读
	if (!MmIsAddressValid(EProcess))
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	// 将当前线程连接到目标进程的地址空间(附加进程)
	KeStackAttachProcess((PRKPROCESS)EProcess, &ApcState);

	__try
	{
		UNICODE_STRING DllUnicodeString = { 0 };
		PVOID BaseAddress = NULL;

		// 得到进程内模块基地址
		RtlInitUnicodeString(&DllUnicodeString, DllName);

		BaseAddress = GetUserModuleAddress(EProcess, &DllUnicodeString, IsWow64);

		if (!BaseAddress)
		{
			return NULL;
		}

		DbgPrint("[*] 模块基址: %p \n", BaseAddress);

		// 得到该函数地址
		RefAddress = GetModuleExportAddress(BaseAddress, FunctionName, EProcess);
		DbgPrint("[*] 函数地址: %p \n", RefAddress);
	}
	__except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	// 取消附加
	KeUnstackDetachProcess(&ApcState);
	return RefAddress;
}

// 远程线程注入函数
BOOLEAN MyCreateRemoteThread(ULONG pid, PVOID pRing3Address, PVOID PParam)
{
	NTSTATUS status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
	PEPROCESS pEProcess = NULL;
	KAPC_STATE ApcState = { 0 };

	PfnRtlCreateUserThread RtlCreateUserThread = NULL;
	HANDLE hThread = 0;

	__try
	{
		// 获取RtlCreateUserThread函数的内存地址
		UNICODE_STRING ustrRtlCreateUserThread;
		RtlInitUnicodeString(&ustrRtlCreateUserThread, L"RtlCreateUserThread");
		RtlCreateUserThread = (PfnRtlCreateUserThread)MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&ustrRtlCreateUserThread);
		if (RtlCreateUserThread == NULL)
		{
			return FALSE;
		}

		// 根据进程PID获取进程EProcess结构
		status = PsLookupProcessByProcessId((HANDLE)pid, &pEProcess);
		if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
		{
			return FALSE;
		}

		// 附加到目标进程内
		KeStackAttachProcess(pEProcess, &ApcState);

		// 验证进程是否可读写
		if (!MmIsAddressValid(pRing3Address))
		{
			return FALSE;
		}

		// 启动注入线程
		status = RtlCreateUserThread(ZwCurrentProcess(),
			NULL,
			FALSE,
			0,
			0,
			0,
			pRing3Address,
			PParam,
			&hThread,
			NULL);
		if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
		{
			return FALSE;
		}

		return TRUE;
	}

	__finally
	{
		// 释放对象
		if (pEProcess != NULL)
		{
			ObDereferenceObject(pEProcess);
			pEProcess = NULL;
		}

		// 取消附加进程
		KeUnstackDetachProcess(&ApcState);
	}

	return FALSE;
}

VOID Unload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj)
{
	DbgPrint("[-] 驱动卸载 \n");
}

NTSTATUS DriverEntry(PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject, PUNICODE_STRING RegPath)
{
	DbgPrint("Hello LyShark.com \n");

	ULONG process_id = 5200;
	DWORD create_size = 1024;
	DWORD64 ref_address = 0;

	// -------------------------------------------------------
	// 取模块基址
	// -------------------------------------------------------

	PVOID pLoadLibraryW = GetProcessAddress(process_id, L"kernel32.dll", "LoadLibraryW");
	DbgPrint("[*] 所在内存地址 = %p \n", pLoadLibraryW);

	// -------------------------------------------------------
	// 应用层开堆
	// -------------------------------------------------------

	NTSTATUS Status = AllocMemory(process_id, create_size, &ref_address);

	DbgPrint("对端进程: %d \n", process_id);
	DbgPrint("分配长度: %d \n", create_size);
	DbgPrint("分配的内核堆基址: %p \n", ref_address);

	// 设置注入路径,转换为多字节
	UCHAR DllPath[256] = "C:\\lyshark_hook.dll";
	UCHAR Item[256] = { 0 };

	for (int x = 0, y = 0; x < strlen(DllPath) * 2; x += 2, y++)
	{
		Item[x] = DllPath[y];
	}

	// -------------------------------------------------------
	// 写出数据到内存
	// -------------------------------------------------------

	ReadMemoryStruct ptr;

	ptr.pid = process_id;
	ptr.address = ref_address;
	ptr.size = strlen(DllPath) * 2;

	// 需要写入的数据
	ptr.data = ExAllocatePool(PagedPool, ptr.size);

	// 循环设置
	for (int i = 0; i < ptr.size; i++)
	{
		ptr.data[i] = Item[i];
	}

	// 写内存
	MDLWriteMemory(&ptr);

	// -------------------------------------------------------
	// 执行开线程函数
	// -------------------------------------------------------

	// 执行线程注入
	// 参数1:PID
	// 参数2:LoadLibraryW内存地址
	// 参数3:当前DLL路径
	BOOLEAN flag = MyCreateRemoteThread(process_id, pLoadLibraryW, ref_address);
	if (flag == TRUE)
	{
		DbgPrint("[*] 已完成进程 %d 注入文件 %s \n", process_id, DllPath);
	}

	DriverObject->DriverUnload = Unload;
	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

编译这段驱动程序,并将其放入虚拟机中,在C盘下面放置好一个名为lyshark_hook.dll文件,运行驱动程序将自动插入DLL到Win32Project进程内,输出效果图如下所示;

回到应用层进程,则可看到如下图所示的注入成功提示信息;

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