9、SpringMVC之处理静态资源
9.1、环境搭建
9.1.1、在project创建新module
9.1.2、选择maven
9.1.3、设置module名称和路径
9.1.4、module初始状态
9.1.5、配置打包方式和引入依赖
注意:默认的打包方式为 jar,为了能配置web资源,需要将打包方式设置为 war
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>ora.rain</groupId>
<artifactId>spring_mvc_static</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringMVC (基于依赖的传递性,会间接引入Spring的依赖)-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志(Thymeleaf必须要sl4j,logback则是sl4j的实现) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ServletAPI -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
<version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
9.1.6、配置web资源目录
打开Project Structure,选择对应的module,并为该module创建一个web.xml文件
注意:web.xml文件需要放到web资源路径(工程路径\src\main\webapp)下
9.1.7、配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置SpringMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet,对浏览器发送的请求统一进行处理-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--将DispatcherServlet的初始化时间提前到服务器启动时-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置springMVC的编码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<!--该初始化参数用于设置请求参数的编码方式-->
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<!--该初始化参数用于设置响应参数也使用同样的编码方式-->
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--配置处理请求方式的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
9.1.8、创建SpringMVC的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--在指定的包中,扫描bean组件-->
<context:component-scan base-package="online.liaojy"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="templateEngine">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver">
<bean
class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
<!-- 视图前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
<!-- 视图后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!--开启mvc的注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--
视图控制器(mvc:view-controller):为指定的请求直接设置(逻辑)视图名称,从而实现页面的跳转
-->
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"></mvc:view-controller>
</beans>
9.1.9、创建请求控制器
package online.liaojy.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @author liaojy
* @date 2023/10/24 - 20:15
*/
@Controller
public class PortalController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String portal(){
return "index";
}
}
9.1.10、创建模板目录及页面模板
注意:html要引入thymeleaf的约束:xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>index.html</h1>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>success.html</h1>
</body>
</html>
9.1.11、配置tomcat
9.2、引用图片的失败示例
9.2.1、创建图片目录并放置图片
9.2.2、在html引用工程中的图片
<img th:src="@{/imgs/JAVAEE.png}">
9.2.3、测试效果
9.3、页面跳转的失败示例
9.3.1、页面请求示例
<a th:href="@{/static/page}">测试通过请求转发直接跳转到一个页面</a>
9.3.2、控制器方法示例
@RequestMapping("/static/page")
public String toStaticPage(){
return "forward:/WEB-INF/templates/success.html";
}
9.3.3、测试效果
9.4、失败原因分析
因为DispatcherServlet接管了所有请求,所以导致tomcat中处理静态资源的默认Servlet不再生效。
9.5、解决方案
开启Tomcat默认servlet的处理器之后,DispatcherServlet处理不了的请求(没有对应的控制器方法)会交由Tomcat默认Servlet来处理;
注意:<mvc:default-servlet-handler>标签要和<mvc:annotation-driven>标签配合使用,否则所有的请求都会由Tomcat默认Servlet来处理。
<!--开启默认servlet的处理器-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>
9.6、解决效果演示
9.6.1、引用图片
9.6.2、页面跳转
本文来自博客园,作者:Javaer1995,转载请注明原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/Javaer1995/p/17777472.html